Metallurgy is a branch of industry which includes processes for obtaining metals from ores and other substances containing metals. Metallurgy includes ore processing, extracting metals from ore, refining metals, producing metal alloys, metal pressure casting metal parts manufacturing, thermal processing, thermal-mechanic, welding and bonding metals and alloys, metal parts surface coating with layers of other metals by diffusion of substances (metallic or nonmetallic) in the superficial layer of metal objects. Metallurgy has existed since the ancient times.
Metallurgy is classified, depending on raw materials in ferrous and nonferrous.
- Ferrous metallurgy produce iron, steel, rolled iron and steel pipes, iron and manganese ore, coke, metal alloys, etc.
- Non-ferrous metallurgy dealing with mining and mineral processing, production and processing of metals and their alloys and diamond extraction. In today’s technology, along with copper, aluminum and lead, are used widely and non-ferrous metals: beryllium, vanadium, lithium, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, titanium, tantalum, etc. In addition to metals and their alloys themselves, non-ferrous metallurgy and rolling produce, metal powders, electrodes, etc.

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